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Article History

Received: 5 May 2019

Accepted: 21 June 2019

First Online: 24 July 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: AF: Member of Scientific Advisory Boards of Sanofi, Novo Nordisk, Lilly, and Boehringer. HA: Honorary for consultancy: Sanofi, MSD, Lilli, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Pfizer. MP: Honorary for talks: B. Braun, Fresenius, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi. Honorary for consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk and Sanofi. SP: Member of Scientific Advisory Boards of Sanofi. Honorary for talks: Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, MSD, and Sanofi. AB and KP are employees of Sanofi. PB: Honorary for consultancy: Sanofi-Aventis, MSD, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer. JS received honoraria for talks and/or consultancy and/or research funding from Apitope, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), GI-Dynamics, Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK), Intarcia, Ipsen, Janssen, LifeScan, Lilly, Merck Sharp Dohme (MSD), MedScape, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Omniamed, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi Aventis, Servier, Takeda, and Ypsomed.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee (Freiburg University Ethics Committee, 241/13) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.