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Article History

Received: 7 August 2021

Accepted: 24 October 2021

First Online: 21 January 2022

Declarations

:

: <i>Archana Rai</i>, no conflicts. <i>Subodh Verma,</i> Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Cardiovascular Surgery. Research grant support and/or speaking honoraria from Amarin, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, EOCI Pharmacomm Ltd, HLS Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, PhaseBio, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceuticals, and the Toronto Knowledge Translation Working Group. President of the Canadian Medical and Surgical Knowledge Translation Research Group, a federally incorporated not-for-profit physician organization. <i>Hwee Teoh</i>, consulting honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim and manuscript writing fees for unrelated topics from Merck and Servier. <i>Ming-Yen Ng,</i> research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria from Circle, Bayer, TeraRecon and GE. <i>Idan Roifman</i>, no conflicts. <i>C. David Mazer</i>, research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim and Octapharma. <i>Kim A Connelly</i>, research grant support and/or speaking/consulting honoraria from Abbott Vascular, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Edwards, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Servier. <i>Djeven P Deva</i>, no conflicts. <i>Adrian Quan</i>, no conflicts. <i>Marina Pourafkari,</i> no conflicts. <i>Laura Jimenez-Juan,</i> no conflicts. <i>Venkat Ramanan</i>, no conflicts. <i>Yin Ge</i>, no conflicts. <i>Andrew T. Yan</i>, research grant support from AstraZeneca.

: This is a substudy of the EMPA-HEART CardioLink-6 trial (NCT02998970), a double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT), approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Board.

: All participants provided written informed consent.