Tomofuji, Seiji https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8018-3718
Urai, Shin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7996-232X
Yoshino, Kei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8062-4379
Bando, Hironori https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-2714
Hirota, Yushi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3035-4155
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kobe University
Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 26 May 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: Yushi Hirota has received lecture fees from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Sanofi, Terumo Corp., Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and Abbott Japan LLC; research support from Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., and Medtronic Japan Co. Ltd.; and research expenses (including contracted research, joint research, and clinical trials) from Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co. Ltd. All remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
Consent for publication: Written informed consent, expressly permitting journal submission and publication, was obtained in accordance with institutional policy.