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Authors
Wu, Yueh-Chu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5043-059X
Liao, Li-Na https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-3267
Lai, Yu-Fen https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8035-2515
Huang, Hung-En https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0270-7985
Liao, Wen-Chun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3148-926X
Huang, Chien-Ning https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-7998
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2026
Accepted: 14 June 2026
First Online: 13 July 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.
Ethics statement: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (approval no. CS2-23149) and was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT07398495). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1964 and its subsequent amendments, or with comparable ethical standards. All participants provided written informed consent.
Consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, who were informed of the study procedures and their right to withdraw at any time.
