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Authors
Saito, Akira
Yamashita, Takeshi
Goto, Satoru
Ariyoshi, Tomotake
Motegi, Kentaro
Kohmoto, Masahiro
Otsuka, Koji
Murakami, Masahiko
Aoki, Takeshi
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Article History
Received: 25 February 2026
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 6 June 2026
Declarations
:
: All authors have no conflict of interest.
: All procedures in this study were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible Committee on Human Experimentation and the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Showa Medical University (Accession No. 22-297-B).
: All patients provided written informed consent prior to surgery for the use of their clinical data, including perioperative courses and complications, in research studies.
