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Multiscale Fracture Evolution in Deep Hard Rock Masses Under Strong Excavation Disturbances: Stress-Mineral Synergy Unraveled Through Integrated 3D DEM–FDM Modeling and Borehole Monitoring

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-025-05065-8

Published Online: 2025-10-28

Published Print: 2026-04

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Liu, Xiu-Yang

Xu, Ding-Ping https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6633-3965
Jiang, Quan

Li, Shao-Jun

Qiu, Shi-Li

Xia, Yong
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (52279117)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (52325905)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (51979268)

State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security (DJ-HXGG-2023-04)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-10-28

Version of Record valid from 2025-10-28
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Article History

Received: 2 April 2025

Accepted: 15 October 2025

First Online: 28 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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