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Secure and federated vision-based parking management using a hybrid deep learning and privacy-preserving framework for smart cities

Published Online: 2025-12-29

Published Print: 2026-01

Authors

Alotaibi, Jamal
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

This research was supported by the Deanship of Graduate Studies and Scientific Research at Qassim University for financial support (QU-APC-2025).
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-12-29

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-29
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Article History

Received: 18 June 2025

Accepted: 15 December 2025

First Online: 29 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing commercial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

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