Nie, James W. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6680-009X
Hartman, Timothy J. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-3480
Oyetayo, Omolabake O. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6098-7121
MacGregor, Keith R. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4557-828X
Zheng, Eileen http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2444-6790
Parsons, Alexander W.
Massel, Dustin H. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8147-5555
Sarari, Arash J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6450-2438
Singh, Kern http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-7273
Article History
Received: 20 October 2022
Accepted: 21 November 2022
First Online: 23 December 2022
Declarations
:
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Rush University Medical Center (ORA #14051301).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Kern Singh, MD receives royalties from Zimmer Biomet, Stryker, RTI Surgical, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Thieme, Jaypee Publishing, and Slack Publishing. Kern Singh, MD owns stock in Avaz Surgical LLC and Vital 5 LLC. Kern Singh, MD holds a consulting position with Zimmer Biomet and K2M. Kern Singh, MD holds board membership with Vital 5 LLC. Kern Singh, MD is on the editorial board of Contemporary Spine Surgery. Kern Singh, MD received a research grant from the Cervical Spine Research Society.Kern Singh, MD holds board membership with TDi LLC and Minimally Invasive Spine Study Group and receives no compensation as board member. Kern Singh, MD is on the editorial board of Orthopedics Today and Vertebral Columns and receives no compensation as member of the editorial board. Kern Singh, MD is on the board of directors of Cervical Spine Research Society, International Society for the Advancements of Spine Surgery, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and receives no compensation as member of the board of directors.