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Article History

Received: 10 January 2023

Accepted: 26 March 2023

First Online: 18 April 2023

Declarations

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: All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All data included in the cohort were obtained as part of routine clinical practice, and this study was approved as service evaluation (Clinical Audit Registration & Management System number: 18463). Ethics approval by a research ethics committee was not required. All data were anonymized for analysis so that individual patients could not be identified, and patient consent was not required.

: Professor Mollan has received Honoria from Novartis for speaking on fundoscopy, but within a National headache network meeting (2019); Chiesi (2020, 2021), Heidelberg Engineering (2019, 2020, 2021), and Teva (2019, 2021). Professor Mollan has served on advisory boards for Invex Therapeutics, Janssen, and Roche. Professor Mollan has received payment for consultancy work for Invex therapeutics (2020, 2021). Professor Sinclair has received speaker fees and Honoraria from Novartis (erenumab) and Allergan (BOTOX), in addition, Invex therapeutics, a company director with salary and stock options (2019, 2020). Professor Sinclair is supported by a Sir Jules Thorn Award for Biomedical Research.