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Article History

Received: 3 August 2024

Accepted: 22 September 2024

First Online: 11 October 2024

Declarations

: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University of California San Francisco approved this study (approval # 24–41191).

: Informed consent was not required for this retrospective review of patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal surgery.

: The authors declare no competing interests.