Anbananthan, Haveena https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4193-948X
Paritala, Phani Kumari
Benitez Mendieta, Jessica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9778-6158
Yu, Han https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9896-9639
Guerzet Sardenberg Lima, Tiago https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-8804
Dettrick, Zoe https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1091-1820
Liang, Ee Shern
Coulthard, Alan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-9207
Li, Zhi-Yong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6814-9165
Winter, Craig https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4626-7280
Funding for this research was provided by:
QUT Postgraduate Research Award
Australian Research Council (DP200103492)
Queensland University of Technology
Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 6 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval was granted by the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (RBWH HREC) (ref: LNR/2019/QRBW/49363) and the Queensland University of Technology (ID/2490). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007, updated 2018), and the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2007).
: Informed consent was waived by Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee and the Queensland Department of Public Health (ref: Public Health Agreement #49363) due to the retrospective nature of the study and use of de-identified data.
: Human Ethics and Consent to Participate declarations: not applicable.This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (LNR/2019/QRBW/49363) and the Queensland University of Technology (ID/2490). A waiver of informed consent was granted due to the use of retrospective, fully de-identified imaging data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.