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Authors
Simander, Gabriel
Lindvall, Peter
Dahlqvist, Per
Koskinen, Lars-Owe D.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Umea University
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 2 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Review Board, Department of Medical Research, Umeå, Sweden, 2018/227–31. The surgical procedure that all subjects have undergone was the routine surgical treatment option at the clinic, before which conventional informed verbal consent was obtained. For this retrospective study, including data collection and analysis, no further consent was needed. This was approved by the Ethics Review Board. The study was conducted in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects.
: The manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data.
: The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interest to disclose.
