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Authors
Labak, Collin M.
Herring, Eric Z.
Crooks, Elliot
Bazarek, Stanley F.
Smith, Gabriel A.
Onders, Raymond
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Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 23 September 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Ethical approval for this study was obtained fromUniversity Hospitals Institutional Review Board. Informed consent was not obtained from individual subjects included in the study as this was a purely retrospective chart review.
: Not applicable.
: This was a retrospective study without need for human consent to participate.
: The authors declare no competing interests.The authors declare no competing interests.
