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Article History

Received: 26 May 2025

Accepted: 30 September 2025

First Online: 10 October 2025

Declarations

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: The seven cadaveric specimens were provided through the Swiss Foundation For Innovation And Training In Surgery (Sfits). All the deceased utilized here had expressed their wish, as well as given their informed written consent to donating their bodies to the Sfits for scientific use, including invasive experiments. An additional vote by the local ethics committee was inapplicable, accordingly.

: Competing interests: The research was supported with materials and equipment provided by the Swiss Foundation For Innovation And Training In Surgery as well as the Black Forest Medical GmbH. Results of this research may lead to the development of products contrib-uting to patient safety potentially marketed by the Black Forest Medical GmbH. Livia Gareiss and René Machts are paid employees of Black Forest Medical GmbH. Alissa Visentin re-ceived no payment.This work was supported by the research project DiSC – (Kopfhalterungssystem mit in situ Messung des Kraftwirk- und Koordinatensystems für die Neurochirurgie). The project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the grant number 13GW0708A. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Livia Gareiss and René Machts re-ceived the funding of BMBF for this present work. Alissa Visentin received no funding.