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Article History

Received: 4 November 2025

Accepted: 16 January 2026

First Online: 22 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of CHA University College of Medicine (approval number: 2017–04-051–02). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The requirement for written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study. However, additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom identifying information is included in this article.

: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board due to the retrospective nature of the study.

: The authors have no personal financial or institutional interest in any of the drugs, materials, or devices described in this article.

: The authors declare no competing interests.