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Authors
Howell, Sasha
Sun, Yifei
Laskay, Nicholas M. B.
Juarez, Lucia D.
Vandeberg, B. Grey
Tracz, Jovanna
Mahavadi, Anil
Mooney, James
Godzik, Jakub
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Congress of Neurological Surgeons
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Article History
Received: 26 November 2025
Accepted: 27 February 2026
First Online: 11 April 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Alabama at Birmingham IRB and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was not sought due to the retrospective nature of this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
