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Authors
Daniyal, Muhammad
Wasi, Muhammad Samir Irfan
Davies, David
Podlasek, Anna
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Article History
Received: 6 February 2026
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 22 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Approval for this study was obtained from the University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Audit team. According to institutional policy and UK Health Research Authority guidance, formal Research Ethics Committee approval and individual informed consent were not required.
: Not required as per the institutional policy.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
