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Article History

Received: 7 April 2026

Accepted: 28 May 2026

First Online: 4 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Given the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital (Shanghai, China) reviewed the study protocol and confirmed that formal ethical approval was not required. All participants have given written informed consent for surgery and the subsequent follow-ups. All participants provided written informed consent for both the surgical procedures and subsequent follow-up assessments. Additionally, the authors affirm that specific informed consent was obtained from the participants for the publication of images in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. (Clinical trial number: not applicable).

: The authors declare no competing interests.