Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 May 2016

Accepted: 16 June 2016

First Online: 27 June 2016

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: Dr. Costa-Mallen reports no conflict of interest and has been funded by grants from NIH and Bastyr University. Dr. Zabetian reports no conflict of interest and has been funded by grants from the American Parkinson Disease Association, Department of Veterans Affairs, NIH, the Parkinson’s Disease Foundation, and a gift from the Dolsen Foundation. Dr. Shu-Ching Hu reports no conflict of interest and has been funded by grants from NIH. Dr. Agarwal reports no conflict of interest, she reports consulting for Teva Pharmaceutical, Cynapsus, US WorldMeds, UCB, Lundbeck, Impax, and has received research funding from the following companies and institutions: AbbVie Inc., Adamas, Amarantus Bioscience, Biotie, Astellas, Auspex, CHDI Foundation, Chelsea Therapeutic, Civitas, Cynapsus, EvergreenHealth, HSG, inVentive Health, Intec, Lunbeck, Massachusetts General Hospital, Merk & Co., Merz, NIH, Northwestern University, Omeros, Osmotica, Pfizer, PRA, PSG, Solstice, Teva, US WorldMeds. Dr. Checkoway reports no conflict of interest and has been consulting for Alcoa, Inc. (Pittsburgh), NIEHS, Exponent Corp (Los Angeles), Ohio State University, Electric Power Research Institute, (Palo Alto); he reports royalties from Elsevier Publishing Co. and Oxford University Press, and has been funded by grants from NIEHS and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society.

: All procedures performed in studies involved in human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.