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Article History

Received: 24 February 2025

Accepted: 11 April 2025

First Online: 24 May 2025

Declarations

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: The authors declare no relevant conflicts of interest related to the present work. The full disclosures of all authors are provided hereinafter. Alessandra Fanciulli: receives support from the FWF-Austrian Science Fund for the present work (FWF FG 2700). Outside of the present work, AF reports royalties from Springer Verlag, speaker fees and honoraria from Antag Therapeutics, American Academy of Neurology, Austrian Neurology Society, Austrian Autonomic Society, Bial, Broadview Ventures, CNSystem, Desitin, Donau Krems University, Elsevier, GE Healthcare, Healthware International, International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Society, KABEG, Medizin Forum, Medtronic, Prime Global, Sanofi, Theravance Biopharma, and research grants from the Medical University of Innsbruck, Mission MSA, Dr Johannes and Hertha Tuba Foundation and Austrian Exchange Program. Dr Fanciulli is an associate editor of Clinical Autonomic Research and Autonomic Neuroscience. Dr Fanciulli is the president elect of the European Federation of Autonomic Society and of the Austrian Autonomic Society, coordinates the Disease Group on Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders of the European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Disorders and a guideline project on the symptomatic treatment of atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes for the European Academy of Neurology. Bianca Caliò: PhD position funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF FG 2700). Svenja Schmidt: nothing to report. Georg Goebel: nothing to report. Fabian Leys: nothing to report. Karoline Radl: nothing to report, part-time position funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF FG 2700). Caroline Breitegger: PhD position funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF FG 2700). Marjan Arvandi: nothing to report. Alexa Blum: part-time position funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF FG 2700). Christoph Gabl: reports lecture fees from various providers of training in palliative care in Austria. Oliver Galvan: reports about speaker fees from the International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Society, outside of the present work. Achim Herms: reports speaker fees from IBSA, Wellspect, Publicare, Interstitial Cystitis support group Chronisch Krank Austria, AZW Training Center West for Health Professionals Innsbruck, Working Group Urogynecology and Reconstructive Surgery of the Pelvic Floor, Austrian Neurology Society, International Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Society; Member of the Commission for Neuro-Urology of SIUD (Società Italiana di Urodinamica), outside of the present work. Birgit Högl: nothing to report. Bernhard Holzner: holds intellectual property rights on the CHES telemedicine tool used in the MeDeMSA Care trial. Frank Jagusch: PhD position funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF FG 2700). Stefan Kiechl: nothing to report. Andrea Knoflach-Gabis: is the medical director of the Tyrolean Hospice Association and is responsible for the medical and therapeutic aspects of palliative and hospice care for patients and relatives in all areas (palliative ward, mobile team, palliative outpatient clinic, day hospice). Mariella Koegl: reports speaker fees and honoraria from Abbvie, Merz, Allergan, Stada, UCB Pharma and KABEG, outside of the present work. Igor Kuchin: PhD position funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF FG 2700). Dr Kuchin reports honoraria as technical review committee member from ViiV Healthcare Positive Action. Ongoing voluntary roles include advisory board member and trustee for Y + Global, member of the scientific committee of the International Workshop on Adolescence, SRHR & HIV, and mentor with the International AIDS Society mentorship programme. Past voluntary roles include consultancies for AIHWA and 180 Degrees Consulting Innsbruck, board member and chairperson for Y + Global. Dr Kuchin was previously employed as a medical advisor at Sanofi. Stefan Lorenzl: nothing to report. Werner Poewe: reports personal fees from Alterity, AbbVie, Affiris, AstraZeneca, BIAL, Biogen, Britannia, Lilly, Lundbeck, Neuroderm, Neurocrine, Denali Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Orion Pharma, Roche, Takeda, Teva, UCB and Zambon for consultancy and lecture fees in relation to clinical drug development programmes for PD, royalties from Thieme, Wiley Blackwell, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press, and research grants from MJFF, EU FP7 & Horizon 2020, outside of the present work. Sinikka Prajczer: nothing to report. Gerhard Rumpold: holds intellectual property rights on the CHES telemedicine tool used in the MeDeMSA Care trial. Andreas Schlager: nothing to report. Anette Schrag: reports research funding or support from University College London, National Institute of Health (NIHR), National Institute for Health Research ULCH Biomedical Research Centre, the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (IPMDS), the European Commission, Parkinson’s UK, GE Healthcare and the Economic and Social Research Council. Honoraria for consultancy from Biogen, Abbvie, Roche, Bial, GE Healthcare; and license fee payments from the University College London for the MSA-QoL, PSP-QoL and PQolCarers. Royalties from Oxford University Press. Klaus Seppi: reports honoraria from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society, grants from the FWF Austrian Science Fund, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, and the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society, as well as personal fees from Teva, UCB, Lundbeck, AOP Orphan Pharmaceuticals AG, AbbVie, Roche, and Grünenthal, outside the submitted work. Uwe Siebert: nothing to report. Gudrun Schönherr: nothing to report. Gaby Sroczynski: nothing to report. Martina Schmidhuber: received support from the FWF-Austrian Science Fund for the present work (FWF FG 2700). Petra Schwingenschuh: receives support from the FWF-Austrian Science Fund for the present work (FWF FG 2700). Outside of the present work, PS reports speaker fees and/or honoraria from AbbVie, Boston Scientific, Bial, and Stada. Beate Jahn: receives support from the FWF-Austrian Science Fund for the present work (FWF FG 2700). Florian Krismer: receives support from the FWF-Austrian Science Fund for the present work (FWF FG 2700). Outside of the present work, FK received personal fees from AbbVie, Bial, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Koneksa, Österreichische Apotheker-Verlagsgesellschaft, Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, and Teva in the past 36 months and his institution has ongoing grant support from the Medical University Innsbruck, National Institutes of Health, and the Michael J Fox Foundation, outside of the submitted work. Gregor K. Wenning: author deceased.