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Article History

Received: 29 July 2025

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 6 October 2025

Declarations

:

: TW has received speaker fees/honoraria from Bial, AbbVie, Merz, Desitin, Pfizer, Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Zambon, Neuraxpharm, Esteve, and Licher; payment for travel, accommodation, subsistence and conference registration from AbbVie; payment for expert advice from Stadapharm, Bial, Merz, AbbVie, and Phagenesis; funding for research from AbbVie, and Ever Pharma. PO has received honoraria for lectures and expert advice from AbbVie, Bial, Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Convatec, Ever Pharma, Global Kinetics, Insightech, Merz, Navamedic, Nordic Infucare, Stada, and Zambon. RG-R has received honoraria for lectures and expert advice from AbbVie, Bial, Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Insightech, Merz, Esteve, Orion, Ipsen, Italfarmaco, Stada, and Zambon. LLM has received honoraria from Abbott, AbbVie, Bial, Biogen, Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Esteve, Italfarmaco, Lundbeck, Merz and Orion. DT has received honoraria for lectures from AbbVie and Stada. TFD has received honoraria for lectures and expert advice from Stada, AbbVie, BleuPharma, SunWave Pharma and Terapia S.A. DCJ has received lecture fees from AbbVie, and Stada. PBR has received honoraria for lectures and expert advice from AbbVie, Stada, and Medis Adria. TvL has received study support from UMCG, the Dutch Brain Foundation and the Michael J Fox Foundation; lecture fees from AbbVie, Ever Pharma, Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., and Novartis; Advisory Board fees from Britannia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Centrafarm, AbbVie, Merz Pharma, and Umecrine.

: The study was conducted in accordance with principles for human experimentation as defined in the Declaration of Helsinki and International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice guidelines, and approved by all the relevant institutional review boards in each country. Informed consent was obtained from each study participant after they were told of the potential risks and benefits as well as the investigational nature of the study. We confirm that all authors have read the Journal’s guidelines on compliance with ethical standards and affirm that this work is consistent with those guidelines.