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Article History

Received: 11 March 2026

Accepted: 13 April 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

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: Drs. Kamiyama, Iwaki, Abe, Ueno, Shiina and Noda declare no conflicts of interest. Dr. Nishikawa has received grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS-KAKENHI; Grant Number: 24K09947). She has received honoraria for lectures from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., AbbVie GK, and Teijin Pharma Limited. She has also received advisory fees and funding for investigator-initiated clinical research from AbbVie GK, outside the submitted work. Dr. Hatano has received grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development: AMED (No: 24dk0207072, 24wm0425015, 24bm1423015, 24dk0207055, 24wm0425019, 24wm0625503), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: JSPS-Kakenhi (No: 24K02373), and honoraria for lectures from Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Eisai Co. Ltd., Kowa Company, Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd. and Elli Lilly Japan KKd.Dr. Hattori has received grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and , Development: AMED (No: 24ak0101236, 24ek0109677, 24bm1423015, 24wm0625503), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: JSPS-Kakenhi (No: 24H00068, 23K20044), JST (Moonshot R&D Program) grant No. JPMJMS2024, Grant No. JPMH23FC1008 by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan, and honoraria for lectures or consulting fees from Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd., Eisai Co. Ltd., Biogen Idec Japan Ltd., AbbVie GK, Teijin Pharma Ltd, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., PARKINSON Laboratories, Co., Ltd, MEDICOLAB and Yoda Therapeutics, Inc., outside the submitted work.