Peng, Jiajie
Zhang, Yuxin
Zhao, Lin
Yang, Shuhua
Hu, Guojie
Xiao, Minxuan
Chu, Xiaoyu
Yan, Xuchun
Xiao, Yao
Li, Xiangfei
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2022FY100700)
State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering (CAS (No. CSFSE-KF-2420))
Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (24KJB170013)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (42322608)
Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2022430)
Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 12 February 2026
Declarations
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The authors declare no competing interests.