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Authors
Hussein, Nahla A.
Azouz, Rasha A. M.
El-Shenawy, Reem
Helmy, Naiera M.
Tabll, Ashraf A.
El-Abd, Yasmine S.
Ali, Ahmed A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7864-8240
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Accepted: 11 July 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: All animal experiments conducted in this study were carried out in strict accordance with the guidelines and regulations for the care and use of laboratory animals. The experimental protocol for the DNA vaccination study in mice was reviewed and approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee at the National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt (approval number 1-1-1-12). The procedures followed ensured minimal discomfort and stress to the animals, in compliance with the internationally accepted standards. This study was reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) ( ).
: All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
