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Authors
Pan, Qing
Zhou, Jing
Chen, Min
Zhang, Peijie
Shi, Xinyi
Lin, Yifei
Huang, Jin
Li, Yuchen
Lu, Donghao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Karolinska Institute
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Article History
Received: 22 September 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants were fully informed about the purpose and content of the study and provided their electronic consent to participate. All data collection, storage, and analysis procedures were designed to protect participants’ anonymity, and participants were compensated for their participation. In addition, each participant signed a hard copy of the informed consent form, which has been securely stored at West China Hospital, Sichuan University. The COPE study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of West China Hospital, Sichuan University (No. 2023 − 179) on September 19, 2022.
: This manuscript has been submitted as a preprint on medRxiv at , .
