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Encirclement advantage-guided improved multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient for multi-target underwater pursuit–evasion

Published Online: 2026-02-07

Authors

Li, Haoxiang

Li, Huaxiang

Xu, Yalin

Wang, Yue

Cao, Xiang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-6693
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62473002，62495085)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62495083)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (62303009)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (61773177)

Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (2308085MF204)

Open Research Project of the Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Security Artificial Intelligence (SAI202401)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-07

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-07
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Article History

Received: 26 April 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: Not applicable.

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