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Authors
Chow, Jeffrey CF
Cioffi, Iacopo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-6765
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
American Association of Orthodontists Foundation (OFDFA)
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Article History
Received: 9 May 2017
Accepted: 21 August 2018
First Online: 27 August 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
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: Dr. Jeffrey CF Chow declares that he has no conflict of interest. Dr. Iacopo Cioffi declares that he has no conflict of interest.
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: For this study was obtained on-line from all individual participants included in the study. The study was reviewed and approved by the University of Toronto Research Ethics Board (protocol #32797).
