Al-Somairi, Majedh Abdo Ali
Yan, Yuwen
Alhammadi, Maged S.
Al–Worafi, Naseem Ali
Alyafrusee, Enas Senan
Almaqrami, Bushra Sufyan
Sharhan, Hasan M.
Al-Tayar, Barakat
Zheng, Bowen
Liu, Yi
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was supported by Basic Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province ((LJKMZ20221190))
Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Accepted: 29 April 2025
First Online: 15 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital of Stomatology of China Medical University (Approval No.CMUKQ-2024-034), and all methods adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.