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Authors
Paddenberg-Schubert, Eva
Midlej, Kareem
Krohn, Sebastian
Kuchler, Erika
Watted, Nezar
Proff, Peter
Iraqi, Fuad A.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universität Regensburg
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 5 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
: The Ethics Committee of the University of Regensburg approved this study (ethical approval number 19-1596-101 (dated 13/11/2019)), and all data collecting and analyses followed the demanded regulations. This study considered orthodontic patients come from the Bavaria region and were collected by employees of the the Department of Orthodontics of the University Hospital Regensburg, Germany, for inclusion. All data were collected as part of routine orthodontic diagnostics and standard of care.
: According to current guidelines and following the Ethics Committee of the University of Regensburg’s ethics and regulations, the committee reviewed and approved this research project and study design with approval number 19-1596-101 (dated 13.11.2019).
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
