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Authors
Liu, Jinchi
Zhou, Yishan
Zhang, Ling
Wang, Siqi
Li, Haolai
Xu, Jia
Zhao, Lei
Cheng, Xingqun
Xu, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (LCYJ2019-4)
the State Institute of Drug/Medical Device Clinical Trial, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (QX2020-02-01)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 31 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Stomatology (WCHSIRB-D-2022-268-R1). The study procedures were conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with the laws and regulations covering Good Clinical Practice (GCP) in China. All participants provided written informed consent.
: XX reports grants from Bixdo SH Healthcare Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China, during the conduct of the study. The authors JL, YZ, LZ, SW, HL, JX, LZ, and XC declare no conflict of interest regarding this work.
: The trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( ,#ChiCTR2200062508) on August 10, 2022.
