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Authors
Gonzalez-Valenzuela, Ricardo E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6727-2516
Mettes, Pascal https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9275-5942
Loos, Bruno G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-552X
Marquering, Henk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-6313
Berkhout, Erwin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-6763
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 16 November 2025
First Online: 4 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval for this study was granted by the Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam Institutional Review Board (ACTA IRB) under document number 2023-17752. An addendum covering the extension to the ACTA-DIRECT v2 dataset was subsequently reviewed and approved under 2023-17752. A001. The storage procedure for extracted teeth within the ACTA Oral Radiology Department does not allow linkage of individual teeth to identifiable patient records; as a result, the material is anonymized. Consequently, patient consent was not required, in accordance with the ACTA IRB’s determination.
