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Authors
Alrubaie, Hasan A.
Aboalnaga, Amira A.
Alhammadi, Maged S.
Eldakroury, Amr E.
Aboulfotouh, Mai H.
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee at Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt, with a reference number (19-10-12). All patients treated at the orthodontic department of the faculty of dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt are requested to sign a consent to participate and to use the records for research purposes.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
