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Authors
Almudhi, Shahad
AlSuhimi, Ibrahem
Almas, Khalid
Aljofi, Faisal E.
AlJoghaiman, Eman
Alhumaidan, Abdulkareem
Omar, Omar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2610-1294
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research, Development, and Innovation Authority (RDIA), Saudi Arabia, Riyadh (12949-iau-2023-iau-R-3-1-HW)
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Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 21 February 2026
Declarations
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: All authors declare no conflict of interest.
: This observational ex vivo and clinical cohort study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IRB-PGS-2024-02-388), and all patients gave their informed consent before their inclusion.and patient consent statement.
