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Authors
Kwon, Hye-Jin
Ryu, Seung-Hee
Choi, Eun-Jae
Lee, Jung-Ah
Kim, Seon-Jip
Cho, Hyun-Jae
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Seoul National University
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 8 March 2026
First Online: 17 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board of seoul national university school of dentistry (IRB No. S-D20230019). All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. They were informed that participation was voluntary, that they could withdraw from the study at any time without penalty, and that any potential risks or side effects associated with participation were fully explained.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
