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Automated detection of C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars from panoramic radiographs: comparing single and ensemble convolutional neural networks within a 2-stage pipeline

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-026-06868-x

Published Online: 2026-04-23

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Çakmak, Yunus Emre

Er, Kürşat
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Akdeniz University
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-04-23

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-23
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Article History

Received: 7 November 2025

Accepted: 10 April 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Not applicable; no identifiable personal data or images are included.

: Written informed consent for the use of anonymized clinical and imaging data for research and educational purposes was obtained from all patients in accordance with institutional policy.

: Approved by the Akdeniz University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Protocol No.: TBAEK-625). All procedures adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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