Alshaikh, Alhowra A. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9963-554X
Bhadila, Ghalia Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-9221
Felemban, Osama M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3212-5735
Elkhodary, Heba M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3593-3025
Al Tuwirqi, Amani A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-0435
Funding for this research was provided by:
Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (IPP: 86 -165- 2026)
Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 9 July 2026
First Online: 27 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: Ethics approval was obtained from Research Ethics Committees at KAUFD (REC# 275-12-23; approval date: February 18, 2024).
Consent to participate: Informed written consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians, and age-appropriate verbal assent was obtained from the children before participation.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.