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Authors
Alizadehgharib, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-9508
Östberg, Anna-Karin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-988X
Lehrkinder, Anna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5915-734X
Varghese, Jisha https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3620-1288
Jabar, Taha Abdul https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2497-8783
Ilver, Filip https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2264-5269
Lingström, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-8520
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Gothenburg
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Article History
Received: 4 May 2026
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 22 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (approval number 2022-03919-01) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
Generative AI statement: During the preparation of this work the authors used OpenAI to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.
Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Consent to publish: Not applicable.
Conflict of interest: The authors have received funding and study material from Swedish Match North Europe AB for this project. The sponsor had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the manuscript. The authors declare no other competing interests.
