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Article History

Received: 15 October 2015

Accepted: 11 February 2016

First Online: 26 February 2016

Compliance with ethical standards

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: Drs. Lo Cascio, Hauser, Al-Jadiri, Borenstein, Sheridan, Saba, Armando, Girardi, Fiori Nastro, Gebhardt, Auther, Carrión, Cornblatt, and Schultze-Lutter and Ms Lammers Vernal have nothing to disclose. Dr. Kishimoto has received consultant fees from Dainippon Sumitomo, Novartis, Otsuka and speaker’s honoraria from Banyu, Eli Lilly, Dainippon Sumitomo, Janssen, Novartis, Otsuka and Pfizer. He has received grant support from the Byoutaitaisyakenkyukai Fellowship (Fellowship of Astellas Foundation of Research on Metabolic Disorders) and Eli Lilly Fellowship for Clinical Psychopharmacology. Dr. Schimmelmann has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen. He has received grant support from the German ministry of education and research and the Swiss National Research Foundation. Dr. Kane has been a consultant to Alkermes, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dainippon Sumitomo/Sepracor/Sunovion, Johnson & Johnson, Otsuka, Pierre Fabre. Vanda, Proteus, Takeda, Targacept, IntraCellular Therapies, Merck, Lundbeck, Novartis, Roche, Rules Based Medicine, Sunovion and has received honoraria for lectures from Otsuka, Eli Lilly, Esai, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck and Janssen. He is a shareholder of MedAvante. He has received grant support from The National Institute of Mental Health. Dr. Correll has been a consultant and/or advisor to or has received honoraria from AbbVie, Actavis, Alkermes, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Gerson Lehrman Group, IntraCellular Therapies, Janssen/J&J, Lundbeck, MedAvante, Medscape, Otsuka, Pfizer, ProPhase, Reviva, Roche, Sunovion, Supernus, and Takeda. He has received grant support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, National Institute of Mental Health, Otsuka, Takeda and the Thrasher Foundation.

: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the North Shore-LIJ Health System and the Ethics Committee of the Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from 18-year-olds or legal guardians of 12–17-year-olds who gave written assent, prior to their inclusion in the study.