Aebi, Marcel http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-9801
Winkler Metzke, Christa
Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-4436
Funding for this research was provided by:
Johan Jacobs Foundation (none)
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
Article History
Received: 15 November 2018
Accepted: 12 November 2019
First Online: 22 November 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: Drs. Aebi, Winkler Metzke, and Steinhausen report no potential conflicts of interest.
: An ethics committee did not exist at the study center (based at the University of Zurich) or in the canton of Zurich, Switzerland, to give approval at the time the data collection started in the 1990s. The original study by the principal investigator had been approved and supported by the local Department of Education (a governmental institution of the canton of Zurich) and the informed consent of the parents of all participating students had been obtained. The use of anonymized data on crime outcomes was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Canton of Zurich and data were delivered by a government institution, namely, the Swiss Federal Office of Justice. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.