Porto, Ighor Miron https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7733-6552
do Amaral, João Villanova https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0128-882X
Pacheco, João Pedro Gonçalves https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-7420
Terra, Igor https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-4698
Miguel, Euripedes Constantino https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9393-3103
Pan, Pedro Mario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1943-6520
Gadelha, Ary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0993-8017
Rohde, Luis Augusto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4552-4188
Salum, Giovanni Abrahão https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7537-7289
Hoffmann, Maurício Scopel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-3169
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (22/2551-0000764-3)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (22/2551-0000764-3)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (PIBIC/CNPq 2023 scholarship (application call 21/2022 CNPq)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (573974/2008-0)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (465550/2014-2)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (573974/2008-0)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (465550/2014-2)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (PIBIC/CNPq 2023 scholarship (application call 21/2022 CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2008/57896-8)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2014/50917-0)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2008/57896-8)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2014/50917-0)
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013)
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013)
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013)
FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (FP7/2007-2013)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH120482)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH120482)
Wellcome Trust (226697/Z/22/Z)
Article History
Received: 3 May 2024
Accepted: 15 May 2025
First Online: 29 May 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of São Paulo [IORG0004884/National Council of Health Registry number (CONEP): 15.457/Project IRB registration number: 1132/08] and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Participation in all phases of the study was voluntary and written consent and assent were obtained from the caregivers and youths, respectively.
: The manuscript final version and publication is approved by all authors.
: Luis Augusto Rohde has received grant or research support from National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and United States National Institutes of Health grant R01MH120482, authorship royalties from Oxford Press and ArtMed, consulting fees from Adium, Apsen, Medice, Novartis/Sandoz and Shire/Takeda, served on the speakers’ bureau of Abdi Ibrahim, Abbott, Aché, Adium, Apsen, Bial, Medice, Novartis/Sandoz, Pfizer/Upjohn/Viatris, and Shire/Takeda, participated on a advisory board in Adium, Apsen, Medice, Novartis/Sandoz, and Shire/Takeda, received supoort for attending meetings from Stavros Niarchos Foundation and had leadership role in International Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. Ary Gadelha has received grant or research support from, served as a consultant to, and served on the speakers’ bureau of Aché, Daiichi-Sankyo, Teva, Lundbeck, Cristalia, and Janssen, and received consulting fees from Teva and Daiichi-Sankyo in the last three years. Pedro Mario Pan received payment or honoraria for lectures and presentations in educational events for Sandoz, Daiichi Sankyo, Eurofarma, Abbot, Libbs, Instituto Israelita de Pesquisa e Ensino Albert Einstein, Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino.