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Authors
Schalk, Luisa https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9387-3741
Sethi, Arjun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5352-4164
Saam, Melanie C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5311-8673
Flamarique, Itziar
Naaijen, Jilly
Dietrich, Andrea
Hoekstra, Pieter J.
Banaschewski, Tobias
Aggensteiner, Pascal-M
Holz, Nathalie
Baumeister, Sarah
Borràs, Roger
Rosa-Justicia, Mireia
Santosh, Paramala
Sagar-Ouriaghli, Ilyas
Arango, Celso
José Penzol, María
Brandeis, Daniel
Walitza, Susanne
Werhahn, Julia E.
Franke, Barbara
Glennon, Jeffrey C.
Zwiers, Marcel P.
Schulze, Ulrike M. E.
Castro-Fornieles, Josefina
Buitelaar, Jan K.
C. Craig, Michael
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development, and demonstration (602805)
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2023
Accepted: 24 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Declarations
:
: T Banaschewski served in an advisory or consultancy role for Actelion, Hexal Pharma, Lilly, Lundbeck, Medice, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, and Shire. He received conference support or speaker’s fees from Lilly, Medice, Novartis, and Shire. He has also been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire and Viforpharma and has received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, and Oxford University Press. C Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. D Brandeis serves as an unpaid scientific consultant for an EU-funded neurofeedback trial. S Walitza SW received royalties from Thieme, Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, Springer, Beltz. Her work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), diff. EU FP7s, HSM Hochspezialisierte Medizin of the Kanton Zurich, Switzerland, Bfarm Germany, ZinEP, Hartmann Müller Stiftung, Olga Mayenfisch, Gertrud Thalmann Fonds. Outside professional activities and interests are declared on the web page of the University of Zurich ( ). B Franke receives funding from a personal Vici grant from the Dutch Organisation for Scientific Research (Grant 016 130 669) and the Dutch National Science Agenda for the NWANeurolabNL project (Grant 400 17 602). She received educational speaking fees from Shire and Medicine. JC Glennon has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. UME Schulze serves as an unpaid ethics advisor for two EU-funded projects unrelated to the present work. JK Buitelaar has been a consultant to/member of the advisory board of and/or speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myer Squibb, Shering Plough, UCB, Shire, Novartis, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, nor a stock shareholder of any of these companies. All other authors report no potential conflict of interest. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships.
