Li, Luanluan
Pei, Jingjing
Zhang, Yan
Qiu, Han
Hu, Shouxun
Zhang, Jun
Tian, Ying
Yu, Xiaodan
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2020CXJQ01)
Early Life Plan Program of Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2705200)
the High-level Medical Introduction Teams in Fujian Province (RT2022-022)
the Clinical Research Center of ADHD affiliated with Pediatrics College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (ELYZX202207)
the Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disease of Fujian Province (2022Y2016)
the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medical Grant Support (20152234)
Article History
Received: 14 January 2025
Accepted: 31 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine.
: The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Not applicable.
: Informed consent was obtained from all the participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.