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Article History

Received: 28 March 2025

Accepted: 2 October 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University of Leipzig (278/23-ek).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: The Authors KCG, AH, JG, CS, and MR have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. In the last five years, JMF received research funding from EU, BMG (Federal Ministry of Health), BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research), BMFSFJ (Federal Ministry of Family, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth), DFG (German Research Foundation), G-BA Innovation Fund, State Ministries Baden-Württemberg and Saarland, State Foundation Baden-Württemberg, Ingrid & Frank Foundation, Foundation Deutsche Krebshilfe (German Cancer Charity), Auxilium Foundation, Vector Foundation, Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg, Porticus Foundation; Travel grants, honoraria, sponsorship for conferences and medical educational purposes from APK, Adenauer- und Ebert Foundation, Deutschlandfunk, DFG, DJI, DKSB, Infectopharm, med update, UNICEF, professional associations, universities and federal and state ministries; was a consultant for APK e.V., University Hospital Saarland/State Chancellery, federal and state ministries, Servier. No industry-sponsored lecture series, no shareholdings, no participation in pharmaceutical companies.