Funding for this research was provided by:
Wellcome Trust (218497/Z/19/Z)
National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (MH113930)
MQ: Transforming Mental Health (MQ16IP16)
European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (863981)
Article History
Received: 12 May 2025
Accepted: 5 March 2026
First Online: 23 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee and the Local Research Ethics Committees. Informed consent for the use of data collected via questionnaires and clinics was obtained from participants following the recommendations of the ALSPAC Ethics and Law Committee at the time. The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
: The authors declare no competing interests.