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The impact of maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and symptoms in offspring: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-026-03059-7

Published Online: 2026-06-03

Published Print: 2026-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Bandini, Laura https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-7401
Vinceti, Beatrice https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0105-2121
Urbano, Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-5508
Plazzi, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-0472
Filippini, Tommaso https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2100-0344
Vinceti, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-2473
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-06-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-06-03
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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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