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Authors
Galling, Britta https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-0207
Wu, Jiamiao https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3076-9088
Oberstadt, Amelie https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8488-4244
Dück, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-1942
Xiao, Le https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4323-036X
Prehn-Kristensen, Alexander https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-9888
Lehr, Dirk https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5560-3605
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften Hamburg (HAW Hamburg)
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Article History
Received: 6 May 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 6 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis based exclusively on previously published data. No primary data were collected, and no human participants were directly involved. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.
Consent to participate: Not applicable.
Competing interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Conflict of interest: BG, JW, AO, LX, and DL have nothing to disclose. AD has received honoraria for consultations and sponsoring for symposia. APK has received research funding from Mementor by ResMed.
AI tools declaration: The authors used AI-based tools (Claude, Anthropic) to support the revision of the Introduction and Discussion sections. In addition, the entire manuscript was linguistically reviewed and refined using AI-based language editing tools. All AI-generated suggestions were reviewed, edited, and approved by the authors. No AI tool was used for data analysis, interpretation of results, or generation of conclusions.
