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Article History

Received: 3 September 2024

Accepted: 27 April 2025

First Online: 3 May 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study involving human participants and/or the use of human tissue samples was reviewed and approved by the Bioethics Committee of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital (No. 201908114).

: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients for the study.

: We have obtained explicit and additional informed consent for the publication of these identifiable images from the parents of all participants. The consent process emphasized that these images will be published in an online open-access publication, and that they understood the potential for identification and the implications of the same. We affirm that any other identifying details, including names, have been removed from all sections of the manuscript including text, figures, tables, and other images, in order to maintain the privacy of the participants to the greatest extent possible.

: The authors declare no competing interests.