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Authors
Saepoo, Jay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-0539
Dorris, Steven https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2962-5641
Tikkhanarak, Kittiphoj https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1719-4103
Timmons, Sherry https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4387-0627
Handoo, Nidhi
Hellstein, John https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9989-9671
Holton, Adam
Lanzel, Emily https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9742-6523
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 4 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication.
: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the participant’s related history details and images in Figures 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D.
: John Hellstein serves as a paid consultant for RiboX Therapeutics, Princeton, NJ (circular RNA research firm). Other authors (JS, SD, KT, ST, NH, AH, and EL) declare no conflicts of interest.
