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Article History

Received: 18 October 2025

Accepted: 30 March 2026

First Online: 7 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical exemption for this retrospective study involving review of existing de-identified clinical and radiographic records was reviewed and formally confirmed by the respective institutional ethics committees of the participating centres. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable, as no individual patient identifiable data, images, or videos are included in this manuscript.

: Patient consent was not required as the study involved retrospective analysis of de-identified records and radiographs.

: Not Applicable.

: Artificial intelligence tools were used solely for language refinement and grammar polishing. All conceptualization, data interpretation, analyses, and conclusions were independently developed by the authors.

: The authors declare no competing interests.