Rahmoune, Mbarek https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-9056
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Abdulaziz University (The project was funded by KAU Endowment (WAQF) at king Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks WAQF and the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) for technical and financial support.)
Article History
Received: 1 December 2025
Accepted: 31 December 2025
First Online: 30 January 2026